Resources

Technical Glossary

Sourcing bags, wallets and small accessories comes with its own vocabulary. A buyer might know exactly what they want the finished product to look like, yet still lose time because a quote was built on a different assumption about fabric weight, handle type or packaging. This glossary explains the terms that come up most often when you brief a manufacturer, so the conversation starts on the same page.

It covers product types, fabrics and materials, construction details, branding and printing methods, sourcing and sampling language, packaging, and quality and compliance terms. Each entry keeps the definition short, explains why the term actually matters in production, and adds a buyer note with something practical to confirm or include.

You will find this page useful when you are preparing an RFQ, writing a product brief or a tech pack, requesting samples, planning a private label range, ordering promotional bags, or developing custom wallets and other small leather goods. If a term sends you toward a product or a process, there is a relevant internal link nearby.

A note on scope: VYGR Bags is a manufacturer of custom bags and leather goods working with brands, retailers, promotional agencies, wholesalers and corporate buyers. The definitions here are written generally so they help on any sourcing project. Where a term touches certification or compliance, it is phrased as a question to ask a supplier rather than a claim.

Key terms

GSM
Pantone color
CMYK
RFQ
Tech pack
MOQ
FOB
Incoterms
AQL
SKU

How to use this glossary

Skim the category that matches your question, or search the page for a specific term. The categories run from what you are making (product types and materials), through how it is made (construction, branding and printing), to how you buy and receive it (sourcing, packaging, quality). If you are new to sourcing, reading the Sourcing and Sampling section first will make the rest easier to apply.

Product types

Tote bag

Short definition: An open or zip-top bag with two parallel handles, usually flat or with a simple base.
Why it matters: It is the most common format for promotional and retail bags, and small changes in fabric, handles and base decide whether it reads as a cheap giveaway or a paid retail product.
Buyer note: Specify the fabric weight, handle length and whether you want a flat or gusseted base, since these three choices shift both look and price.

Cotton tote bag

Short definition: A tote made from woven cotton, from light single-layer fabric to heavier qualities.
Why it matters: Cotton totes carry print well and suit campaigns, events and retail, but a 100 gsm and a 280 gsm cotton tote behave very differently in use.
Buyer note: Give a target fabric weight, or describe the use (giveaway, retail, reusable) and let the maker propose one.

Canvas tote bag

Short definition: A tote in heavier cotton canvas that holds its shape and has more body.
Why it matters: Canvas reads as more durable and design-led, which makes it a fit for retail and premium giveaways rather than the lowest-cost handout.
Buyer note: Confirm the canvas weight available for your product, and decide on contrast handles or a contrast base if you want a structured look.

Non-woven bag

Short definition: A bag made from bonded polypropylene fibres rather than a woven fabric.
Why it matters: It is light, printable and low in unit cost, which is why it is common for large promotional and grocery runs.
Buyer note: Non-woven is economical but less durable than woven options, so match it to short to medium life use.

Shopping bag

Short definition: A general term for a bag designed to carry purchases, in cotton, canvas, non-woven or other materials.
Why it matters: The word alone does not define material or strength, so two shopping bags can sit at very different price points.
Buyer note: Treat shopping bag as a use, not a spec, and define the material, weight and handles separately.

Promotional bag

Short definition: A bag produced mainly to carry a brand or campaign message, usually in volume.
Why it matters: These orders balance unit cost against visibility, so material and print method are chosen for budget and turnaround as much as durability.
Buyer note: Share the quantity, the event or campaign date and the print colours early, since deadlines and colour count drive the plan.

Drawstring bag

Short definition: A light bag closed by a cord that doubles as straps, often worn on the back.
Why it matters: It is simple, light and fast to print, which makes it one of the most cost-effective promotional formats.
Buyer note: The cord corners take the repeated strain, so confirm reinforced corners if the bag will carry real weight.

Pouch

Short definition: A small flat or shaped bag, often zip-closed, used for cosmetics, accessories or organisation.
Why it matters: Pouches are small but high in visible detail, so the zip, lining and stitching are judged up close.
Buyer note: Specify the zip type and whether you want a lining, since both affect feel and cost on a small item.

Makeup pouch

Short definition: A pouch designed to hold cosmetics, often lined or wipeable inside.
Why it matters: The lining choice decides whether the inside resists spills and wear, which buyers and end users notice quickly.
Buyer note: Confirm whether you need a wipeable lining and a flat or stand-up shape.

Cosmetic bag

Short definition: Another name for a makeup pouch or a slightly larger structured version.
Why it matters: Wording varies, so a cosmetic bag and a makeup pouch may describe the same product or differ in size and structure.
Buyer note: Send a reference image and internal dimensions rather than relying on the name alone.

Zipper pouch

Short definition: A pouch whose main closure is a zip, in fabric, PU or leather.
Why it matters: The zip is the main point of use, so its quality is felt every time the pouch is opened.
Buyer note: Match the zip quality to the price level, and confirm the puller style if branding sits on it.

Document bag

Short definition: A flat bag or folder sized to carry papers, often with a zip or flap.
Why it matters: Fit to standard paper sizes matters, so internal dimensions are more important than the outline.
Buyer note: Give the paper size it must hold and any pocket or pen-loop requirement.

Laptop sleeve

Short definition: A padded sleeve sized to a specific device for protection in transit.
Why it matters: A sleeve is only useful if it fits the device, so the model dimensions drive the pattern.
Buyer note: Provide the exact device dimensions, and confirm the padding and closure type.

Cooler bag

Short definition: An insulated bag built to slow temperature change, with a reflective or foil-based lining.
Why it matters: Performance comes from the build, so construction and closure matter more than the outer look.
Buyer note: Describe the use (food, beverage, cold-chain) and the closure. Treat any hold-time figure as something to confirm by a documented test, not a casual claim.

Gym bag

Short definition: A holdall or duffel for sports kit, usually in durable polyester or canvas.
Why it matters: It carries weight and gets handled hard, so handle and base strength are the points that fail first.
Buyer note: Confirm the base and handle construction and any ventilated or shoe compartment.

Beach bag

Short definition: A large open bag for the beach, often in heavy canvas or laminated jute with rope handles.
Why it matters: It is a seasonal, design-led product, so the look (contrast handles, natural materials) is part of the brief.
Buyer note: Confirm whether you want a lining and an inner pocket, and the handle material.

Dust bag

Short definition: A soft protective bag, often drawstring, used to store or ship a premium item.
Why it matters: It protects the main product and forms part of the unboxing, so material and print should match the brand.
Buyer note: Give the item dimensions it must hold, the fabric (cotton, non-woven, suede-feel) and the logo method.

Reusable bag

Short definition: A bag designed to be used many times rather than once.
Why it matters: Reuse raises the bar on durability, so fabric weight and construction need to support repeated loading.
Buyer note: State the expected load and life, and let the maker propose a fabric weight to match.

Grocery bag

Short definition: A reusable shopping bag sized and built to carry groceries.
Why it matters: Load and base strength are the priority, so a reinforced bottom often matters more than the fabric face.
Buyer note: Confirm a reinforced or gusseted base and the target carrying weight.

Foldable bag

Short definition: A bag that folds into a small pouch or pocket for carrying when not in use.
Why it matters: The fold mechanism and packed size are part of the design, not an afterthought.
Buyer note: Confirm how it folds and the packed dimensions, and whether the pouch is attached or separate.

Wallet

Short definition: A small folding case for cards and cash, in leather, PU or fabric.
Why it matters: Wallets are held daily and seen up close, so finish quality is the product, not a detail.
Buyer note: Specify the construction (bifold, zip, long), the material and the edge finish.

Card holder

Short definition: A slim case for cards, with or without a clear ID window.
Why it matters: It is often the entry point of a small leather goods range and a popular gift, so finish and logo placement carry the impression.
Buyer note: Confirm the number of card slots, any ID window and the logo method.

Coin purse

Short definition: A small pouch or zip case for coins, sometimes part of a wallet set.
Why it matters: Small format means the closure and stitching are judged closely.
Buyer note: Confirm the closure type (zip, snap, frame) and whether it ships alone or as a set.

Passport holder

Short definition: A folding cover sized for a passport, usually with card slots and a document pocket.
Why it matters: Fit to the passport and a clean edge define the quality on a small, visible item.
Buyer note: Confirm the slots, the document pocket and the material, and approve a physical sample.

Small leather goods

Short definition: A category covering wallets, card holders, key holders, passport covers and similar items in leather or PU.
Why it matters: These products are low in material cost but high in visible detail, so build and finish decide perceived value.
Buyer note: Build a range on one consistent material and finish so the pieces read as a collection.

Textile accessories

Short definition: Fabric-based accessories such as pouches, organisers, sleeves and small cases.
Why it matters: They round out a bag range and can share materials and branding with the main products.
Buyer note: Note whether items ship individually or as a set, since that changes packing and cost.

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Materials and fabrics

Cotton

Short definition: A natural woven fibre used across totes, pouches and accessories.
Why it matters: It takes print well and suits a wide range of products, but its performance depends heavily on weight.
Buyer note: Always pair the word cotton with a weight in gsm, or a use case.

Organic cotton

Short definition: Cotton grown to organic standards, often requested for sustainability-led ranges.
Why it matters: It carries a specific claim that buyers may need to evidence, so documentation is part of the spec.
Buyer note: Ask whether the supplier can provide certification for the organic claim, and treat it as a requirement to verify.

Recycled cotton

Short definition: Cotton made partly or wholly from reclaimed fibres.
Why it matters: It supports a recycled-content claim but can differ in handle and consistency from virgin cotton.
Buyer note: Confirm the recycled percentage and any certification, with documentation rather than a label alone.

Canvas

Short definition: A heavier, plain-woven fabric (often cotton) that holds structure.
Why it matters: It reads as durable and premium and is used for beach bags and structured totes.
Buyer note: Confirm the weight available for your product, since canvas spans a wide range.

Cotton canvas

Short definition: Canvas woven specifically from cotton, common in heavier totes and beach bags.
Why it matters: It combines the look of cotton with the body of canvas, useful for retail products.
Buyer note: Specify the weight (heavy canvas for beach bags is typically around 300 to 350 gsm) and confirm availability.

Polyester

Short definition: A synthetic fibre that is light, tear-resistant and easy to brand.
Why it matters: It is the base of drawstring bags, backpacks and many pouches, and woven polyester outlasts non-woven.
Buyer note: Specify woven versus non-woven, since they perform differently at similar cost points.

Recycled polyester

Short definition: Polyester made from recycled sources, often used for recycled-content ranges.
Why it matters: It behaves much like standard polyester for most bags while supporting a recycled claim.
Buyer note: Confirm the recycled content and any certification, and that the weight suits the use.

RPET

Short definition: Recycled polyester made from PET bottles.
Why it matters: It offers recycled content with a look close to standard polyester, common in pouches and bags.
Buyer note: Ask the supplier to confirm composition and any certification with documentation.

Non-woven polypropylene

Short definition: A bonded polypropylene used for low-cost, lightweight, printable bags.
Why it matters: It is the economical promotional fabric and appears in some insulated bag outers.
Buyer note: Match it to short to medium life use, and confirm the weight in gsm.

Jute

Short definition: A coarse natural fibre with a rustic look, often laminated for bags.
Why it matters: It brings a natural appearance with a practical laminated layer, suited to beach and resort lines.
Buyer note: Confirm whether the jute is laminated, and the handle material (rope is common).

Linen

Short definition: A natural fibre with a textured, premium look, lighter than canvas.
Why it matters: It suits design-led and premium products but behaves differently from cotton in print and wear.
Buyer note: Confirm print suitability for your artwork, since texture affects fine detail.

Denim

Short definition: A sturdy twill-woven cotton with a distinctive look.
Why it matters: It reads as casual and durable and gives a recognisable style to a bag.
Buyer note: Confirm the weight and whether washing or fading effects are required, since these change cost.

Felt

Short definition: A non-woven pressed fabric, often used for structured organisers and storage.
Why it matters: It gives body and a soft surface, useful for inserts and shaped items.
Buyer note: Confirm thickness and whether the felt is recycled if a sustainability claim is needed.

Nylon

Short definition: A strong synthetic fibre used for lightweight, durable bags.
Why it matters: It offers strength at low weight, common in technical and travel bags.
Buyer note: Confirm the denier or weight and any coating for water resistance.

PU leather

Short definition: A synthetic leather with a polyurethane surface on a fabric backing.
Why it matters: It is more consistent and lower in cost than genuine leather, and a practical choice for price-sensitive ranges.
Buyer note: Confirm the finish (smooth, grained, matte) and that branding will read well on it.

Genuine leather

Short definition: Leather made from real animal hide.
Why it matters: It offers a look, feel and ageing that alternatives only approach, at a higher and more variable cost.
Buyer note: Expect variation by hide, and confirm any claim about the leather type or origin with documentation.

Vegan leather

Short definition: A non-animal leather alternative, often PU or plant-based.
Why it matters: It carries a specific material claim that buyers may need to evidence.
Buyer note: Confirm the exact composition and any certification rather than relying on the label.

Microfiber

Short definition: A fine synthetic material used for suede-feel surfaces and linings.
Why it matters: It gives a soft touch for linings and dust bags and a synthetic suede look.
Buyer note: Confirm whether it is for the outer or the lining, since the spec differs.

Lining fabric

Short definition: The inner fabric of a bag or accessory.
Why it matters: The lining affects feel, durability and how finished the inside looks.
Buyer note: Specify the lining material and colour, and whether a printed lining is wanted.

Interlining

Short definition: A layer added between outer and lining to add body or stiffness.
Why it matters: It controls how structured a panel feels, which is part of the product character.
Buyer note: Confirm where structure is needed, since interlining adds material and labour.

Reinforcement material

Short definition: Extra material added at stress points such as handles and bases.
Why it matters: It is what keeps a bag from failing where loads concentrate.
Buyer note: Confirm reinforcement at the handle joins and base for bags that carry weight.

GSM

Short definition: Grams per square metre, the standard measure of fabric weight.
Why it matters: GSM decides durability as much as the fibre does, so it is the single most useful number to give.
Buyer note: Quote a target gsm, or describe the use and let the maker propose one (light cotton is often around 100 to 140 gsm, medium around 160 to 280).

Fabric weight

Short definition: The general term for how heavy a fabric is, usually expressed in gsm.
Why it matters: Two bags in the same fibre at different weights look and last differently.
Buyer note: Do not specify a fibre without a weight, or compare quotes that use different weights.

Fabric weave

Short definition: How the threads are interlaced, which affects strength, look and print surface.
Why it matters: Weave changes how the fabric behaves and how artwork sits on it.
Buyer note: For fine print, confirm the weave is smooth enough to hold detail.

Dyed fabric

Short definition: Fabric coloured before the bag is made.
Why it matters: Colour consistency across a run depends on dyeing, and approved against a reference rather than a screen.
Buyer note: Approve colour on a physical sample or lab dip, not on screen.

Greige fabric

Short definition: Unbleached, undyed fabric in its raw state before finishing.
Why it matters: It is the starting point before dyeing and finishing, relevant when planning colour and lead time.
Buyer note: Useful to know if you are discussing custom colours, since dyeing adds time.

Shrinkage

Short definition: The amount a fabric reduces in size after washing or processing.
Why it matters: Unmanaged shrinkage changes finished dimensions and fit.
Buyer note: For washed products, ask how shrinkage is allowed for in the pattern.

Color fastness

Short definition: How well a colour resists fading from washing, rubbing or light.
Why it matters: Poor fastness shows as fading or colour transfer in use.
Buyer note: For products that are washed or heavily handled, ask whether fastness can be tested.

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Construction and manufacturing terms

Stitching

Short definition: The sewn joins that hold a bag or accessory together.
Why it matters: Straight, even stitching at the right density is a visible sign of quality, especially on small items.
Buyer note: On wallets and pouches, confirm stitch density and any contrast thread.

Seam

Short definition: The line where two pieces of material are joined.
Why it matters: Seam placement and strength affect both look and durability.
Buyer note: For load-bearing seams, ask how strength is checked.

Seam allowance

Short definition: The margin of fabric between the stitch line and the cut edge.
Why it matters: Too little allowance weakens the seam, too much adds bulk.
Buyer note: This is set in the pattern, so it matters most when you supply your own tech pack.

Bartack

Short definition: A dense cluster of stitches that reinforces a stress point.
Why it matters: It strengthens handles, pocket corners and strap joins where loads concentrate.
Buyer note: Confirm bartacks at handle attachments for bags that carry weight.

Overlock

Short definition: A stitch that wraps the fabric edge to stop fraying.
Why it matters: It finishes raw edges cleanly inside the bag.
Buyer note: Useful to confirm on unlined bags where inside edges are visible.

Binding

Short definition: A strip of fabric or tape that wraps and finishes an edge or seam.
Why it matters: It gives a clean, durable edge and can add a colour accent.
Buyer note: Confirm binding colour if it is part of the design.

Hem

Short definition: A folded and stitched edge, usually at an opening.
Why it matters: A clean hem at the top opening is part of the finished look.
Buyer note: Confirm a double-folded hem on openings that take handling.

Gusset

Short definition: A panel that adds depth or width to a bag.
Why it matters: Gussets turn a flat bag into one with capacity, changing both shape and material use.
Buyer note: Specify gusset depth, since it affects capacity and price.

Bottom gusset

Short definition: A gusset at the base that gives the bag a flat, wider bottom.
Why it matters: It lets a bag stand and hold more, common on retail and grocery totes.
Buyer note: Confirm the base width you need for the contents.

Side gusset

Short definition: A gusset at the sides that adds width.
Why it matters: It increases capacity and changes how the bag sits.
Buyer note: Confirm side gusset depth along with the base.

Handle

Short definition: The part you hold or carry the bag by.
Why it matters: Handle type, length and attachment affect comfort, look and durability.
Buyer note: Specify handle length and attachment, and reinforcement for heavier loads.

Webbing handle

Short definition: A handle made from woven strap material.
Why it matters: Webbing is strong and consistent, common on totes and gym bags.
Buyer note: Confirm webbing width and colour, and stitching at the joins.

Shoulder strap

Short definition: A longer strap for carrying a bag on the shoulder.
Why it matters: Strap length and width affect comfort and how the bag is used.
Buyer note: Give the drop length you want, measured from the bag top to the strap base.

Adjustable strap

Short definition: A strap whose length can be changed with hardware.
Why it matters: It adds versatility but introduces hardware that must suit the load.
Buyer note: Confirm the slider and buckle quality for the expected weight.

Reinforced handle

Short definition: A handle attachment strengthened with extra stitching or material.
Why it matters: Handle joins are a common failure point, so reinforcement protects the product.
Buyer note: Ask for reinforced or bartacked handle joins on any bag that carries weight.

Zipper

Short definition: A toothed or coil closure that opens and closes a bag or pocket.
Why it matters: The zip is used constantly, so its quality is felt every time.
Buyer note: Match the zip grade to the price level, and confirm the colour and puller.

Puller

Short definition: The tab you hold to operate a zip.
Why it matters: The puller is a small but visible detail and can carry branding.
Buyer note: Confirm the puller style, and whether a branded or custom puller is wanted.

Snap button

Short definition: A press-stud closure with two interlocking parts.
Why it matters: It is a simple, reliable closure for flaps and pockets.
Buyer note: Confirm the finish and that it closes securely on the chosen material.

Magnetic closure

Short definition: A closure that holds with concealed magnets.
Why it matters: It gives a clean look without visible hardware.
Buyer note: Confirm the magnet strength suits the flap weight.

Velcro closure

Short definition: A hook-and-loop fastener that presses together.
Why it matters: It is fast and adjustable but adds noise and wear over time.
Buyer note: Confirm placement and that it suits the product use.

Eyelet

Short definition: A reinforced ring set into fabric, often for cords or ventilation.
Why it matters: It strengthens holes where cords pass or air flows.
Buyer note: On drawstring bags, confirm reinforced eyelets or corners where the cord exits.

Rivet

Short definition: A metal fastener that joins layers and reinforces stress points.
Why it matters: Rivets add strength and a hardware look at handle joins and corners.
Buyer note: Confirm rivet finish to match other hardware.

Buckle

Short definition: A hardware fastener for straps and closures.
Why it matters: Buckle quality affects both function and feel.
Buyer note: Confirm the buckle material and finish, since it is a visible detail.

D-ring

Short definition: A D-shaped metal ring used to attach straps or accessories.
Why it matters: It adds attachment points and can be a design feature.
Buyer note: Confirm size and finish to match the hardware set.

Inner pocket

Short definition: A pocket inside the bag.
Why it matters: Internal organisation is a practical feature buyers often want defined.
Buyer note: Specify the number, size and type (open, zip) of inner pockets.

Outer pocket

Short definition: A pocket on the outside of the bag.
Why it matters: It affects both function and the look of the bag face.
Buyer note: Confirm placement and closure, and how it interacts with front branding.

Compartment

Short definition: A separated section inside a bag.
Why it matters: Compartments (such as a padded laptop section) shape the internal layout.
Buyer note: Specify any padded or divided compartments and their dimensions.

Pattern

Short definition: The set of templates used to cut the parts of a bag.
Why it matters: The pattern defines the finished shape and dimensions, so it underpins the whole product.
Buyer note: A clear tech pack or an approved sample sets the pattern, which the run is then cut to.

Cutting

Short definition: Cutting fabric or leather into the pattern pieces.
Why it matters: Cutting accuracy decides whether the bag assembles to the right dimensions.
Buyer note: Accurate cutting is checked in line, and the cut pieces are often printed before assembly.

Sewing

Short definition: Joining the cut pieces by stitching.
Why it matters: Different seams use different machines, which is part of how quality is built.
Buyer note: Trust the maker on machine choice, but confirm visible stitch quality on the sample.

Finishing

Short definition: The final steps that complete a product, such as edge work and trimming.
Why it matters: Finishing is where a product looks resolved or unfinished.
Buyer note: Confirm edge finish and that loose threads are trimmed before packing.

Trimming

Short definition: Removing loose threads and tidying the product after sewing.
Why it matters: Untrimmed threads are a common, avoidable defect.
Buyer note: Include trimming in the quality checklist for the final inspection.

Quality control

Short definition: The checks that confirm the product matches the approved standard.
Why it matters: Quality control runs through the whole process, not only at the end, and catches problems before they multiply.
Buyer note: Agree the inspection standard and defect definitions before production.

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Branding, printing and decoration terms

Screen printing

Short definition: Ink pushed through a stencil screen, one screen per colour.
Why it matters: It is efficient and durable for one to a few colours at volume, the default on cotton, canvas and polyester.
Buyer note: Each colour adds a setup cost, so keep the colour count tight and supply vector artwork.

Digital printing

Short definition: Detailed, multi-colour print applied without a separate screen per colour.
Why it matters: It suits complex or photographic artwork and short to medium runs.
Buyer note: Confirm the fabric suits digital print, since results depend on the surface.

Heat transfer printing

Short definition: Artwork applied via a carrier using heat and pressure.
Why it matters: It handles colourful designs on synthetic fabrics and smaller areas.
Buyer note: Useful when screen printing does not fit and full coverage is not needed.

Sublimation printing

Short definition: Dye bonded into the fibre for full-coverage, high-resolution print.
Why it matters: It is the route for edge-to-edge designs, but only on sublimation-ready or laminated fabric.
Buyer note: If you want all-over print, the fabric must suit sublimation, so decide print and fabric together.

DTF printing

Short definition: Direct-to-film printing, where artwork is printed to a film and transferred to the fabric.
Why it matters: It allows detailed, multi-colour designs on a range of fabrics.
Buyer note: Confirm suitability for your fabric and the durability you need.

Embroidery

Short definition: A logo stitched into the fabric with thread.
Why it matters: It gives a textured, durable, higher-value finish, best on heavier cotton and canvas.
Buyer note: Supply artwork for digitising, and expect a one-time setup; thread colours replace ink colours.

Woven label

Short definition: A label with the design woven into the fabric.
Why it matters: It reads as a finished brand mark rather than a print, common inside and on the face of bags.
Buyer note: Confirm size, placement and whether it is sewn into a seam or applied.

Printed label

Short definition: A label with the design printed rather than woven.
Why it matters: It is a lower-cost alternative to a woven label, suited to simpler marks.
Buyer note: Confirm the base material and that the print holds for the product life.

Leather patch

Short definition: A leather or PU patch carrying a logo, usually debossed or embossed.
Why it matters: It adds a premium brand mark to bags and accessories.
Buyer note: Confirm leather or PU, the logo method and the attachment.

Rubber patch

Short definition: A moulded rubber or silicone patch with a raised logo.
Why it matters: It gives a durable, tactile brand mark suited to casual and outdoor products.
Buyer note: Confirm colours and that fine detail in the logo will mould cleanly.

Metal logo plate

Short definition: A metal plate or badge carrying the brand mark.
Why it matters: It adds a hardware-style mark that suits structured bags and leather goods.
Buyer note: Confirm the finish and fixing method, and that it suits the panel.

Debossing

Short definition: Pressing a logo into the surface to create a recessed mark.
Why it matters: It gives a clean, understated brand mark, especially on leather and PU.
Buyer note: A clean deboss often reads better on leather than a surface print.

Embossing

Short definition: Pressing a logo so it stands raised from the surface.
Why it matters: It gives a tactile, premium mark on leather, PU and some fabrics.
Buyer note: Confirm the logo on a physical sample, since pressed marks look different from screen.

Foil stamping

Short definition: Applying a metallic or coloured foil to a pressed logo.
Why it matters: It adds a metallic accent for a premium look.
Buyer note: Confirm the foil colour and that it suits the base material.

Hangtag

Short definition: A tag attached to the product carrying brand, price or care information.
Why it matters: It completes retail presentation without decorating the bag body.
Buyer note: Provide artwork, material and the attachment (string, pin), and the information to print.

Swing tag

Short definition: Another name for a hangtag.
Why it matters: Wording varies by market, but it describes the same item.
Buyer note: Specify it once and avoid listing both names as separate parts.

Care label

Short definition: A label with washing and care instructions.
Why it matters: It guides end users and is often expected on retail products.
Buyer note: Confirm the symbols and languages required for your market.

Brand label

Short definition: A label carrying the brand name or logo, woven or printed.
Why it matters: It is a core brand mark, inside or outside the product.
Buyer note: Confirm placement and method, and supply the artwork with correct colours.

Logo placement

Short definition: Where the logo sits on the product.
Why it matters: Placement affects both the look and the print method, especially on small items.
Buyer note: Mark exact placement and size, since tolerance is tight when a logo is centred.

Print area

Short definition: The maximum area available for printing on a product.
Why it matters: It limits artwork size and position, and varies by product and method.
Buyer note: Ask for the print area before scaling artwork.

Pantone color

Short definition: A standardised colour reference from the Pantone system.
Why it matters: It lets a brand colour be matched consistently across runs.
Buyer note: Supply Pantone references where colour must match exactly.

CMYK

Short definition: A four-colour process (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) used in full-colour printing.
Why it matters: It is how photographic and gradient artwork is reproduced in some methods.
Buyer note: For spot brand colours, give Pantone as well, since CMYK can shift.

Artwork file

Short definition: The file containing the design to be printed or embroidered.
Why it matters: File quality decides print quality, so low-resolution files cause problems.
Buyer note: Supply vector files with fonts outlined, plus Pantone references.

Vector file

Short definition: A scalable artwork file (such as AI, EPS or PDF) that holds quality at any size.
Why it matters: Vector artwork prints cleanly at any scale, unlike a low-resolution image.
Buyer note: Send vector files; raster images often need to be recreated, which adds time.

Mockup

Short definition: A visual of how the product and branding will look.
Why it matters: It confirms the look before sampling, reducing surprises.
Buyer note: Approve a mockup for placement and colour, but confirm pressed or printed marks on a physical sample.

Print proof

Short definition: A test print used to confirm colour and detail before the run.
Why it matters: It catches colour and registration issues before they reach the whole order.
Buyer note: Where colour is critical, ask whether a proof or strike-off is available.

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Sourcing, sampling and production terms

RFQ

Short definition: A request for quotation, the brief you send to get a price.
Why it matters: A complete RFQ lets a maker price the right product on the first try, which shortens the path to a sample.
Buyer note: Include product, dimensions, material and weight, quantity, branding with files, packaging and destination.

Tech pack

Short definition: A document with the dimensions, materials, construction and artwork for a product.
Why it matters: It speeds development and reduces back-and-forth by answering most questions up front.
Buyer note: A tech pack helps but is not required to start; a reference with dimensions, material and branding is enough.

Specification sheet

Short definition: A sheet listing the agreed details of a product.
Why it matters: It records what was agreed, so the sample and run can be checked against it.
Buyer note: Keep the spec sheet updated as decisions are made, and lock it at the approved sample.

Product brief

Short definition: A short description of the product you want made.
Why it matters: It gives the maker enough to respond and propose options.
Buyer note: Even a brief should state use, material direction, quantity and any branding.

MOQ

Short definition: Minimum order quantity, the smallest order a maker will run.
Why it matters: It depends on material, construction and customisation, so it is rarely a single number.
Buyer note: Confirm MOQ per product rather than assuming one figure, and ask about price breaks at different quantities.

Lead time

Short definition: The time from order confirmation to goods ready.
Why it matters: It depends on the scope and feeds directly into your delivery planning.
Buyer note: Get lead times in writing with the quote, and plan back from your required delivery date.

Sample

Short definition: A physical product made before bulk to confirm the design.
Why it matters: A sample confirms material, construction, dimensions and logo before you commit to a run.
Buyer note: Approving the sample carefully is the cheapest way to avoid errors across the whole order.

Pre-production sample

Short definition: The final sample in the real materials and construction, signed off before the run.
Why it matters: It is the reference the bulk is checked against, so production should not start before it is approved.
Buyer note: Approve it against your spec, and do not change the spec after sign-off.

Approval sample

Short definition: A sample submitted for the buyer to approve.
Why it matters: It is the gate between development and production.
Buyer note: Confirm colour on a physical sample, not on screen, before approving.

Bulk production

Short definition: Making the full ordered quantity after sample approval.
Why it matters: This is where the approved standard is repeated at scale, against in-line checks.
Buyer note: Production runs against the approved sample, so any change after sign-off can restart steps.

Mass production

Short definition: Another term for producing in large volume.
Why it matters: Wording varies, but it describes the same stage as bulk production.
Buyer note: Confirm the quantity and any per-colour or per-size split.

Production timeline

Short definition: The schedule from sampling through to shipment.
Why it matters: A clear timeline lets you plan around fixed dates such as an event.
Buyer note: Include sampling rounds in the timeline rather than treating them as delay.

Unit price

Short definition: The price per single product.
Why it matters: It is shaped by material, construction, branding, quantity and packaging together.
Buyer note: Compare unit prices only when the specs match, since small differences shift the price.

Ex works

Short definition: An Incoterm where the buyer arranges transport from the maker's location.
Why it matters: Under ex works (EXW), you handle the freight, so the factory price is only part of the landed cost.
Buyer note: Factor in freight, duties and insurance when comparing an EXW price to other terms.

FOB

Short definition: Free on board, an Incoterm where the seller delivers goods onto the vessel.
Why it matters: It shifts more of the early logistics to the seller than EXW.
Buyer note: Confirm what is and is not included, and the port of loading.

CIF

Short definition: Cost, insurance and freight, an Incoterm where the seller covers freight and insurance to the destination port.
Why it matters: The same factory price arrives very differently under CIF than under EXW.
Buyer note: Confirm the destination port and what the insurance covers.

Incoterms

Short definition: Standard international trade terms that define who pays for and handles each part of shipping.
Why it matters: They decide cost and responsibility, so they change the real price of an order.
Buyer note: State your preferred Incoterm in the RFQ, and remember duties and import compliance are usually the buyer's responsibility.

Packing list

Short definition: A document listing the contents, quantities and carton details of a shipment.
Why it matters: It supports customs clearance and receiving.
Buyer note: Confirm the packing list is prepared with the shipment, alongside other export documents.

Carton dimensions

Short definition: The size of the shipping cartons.
Why it matters: Carton size affects volume, freight cost and warehouse handling.
Buyer note: Confirm carton dimensions and how many units per carton.

HS code

Short definition: A harmonised system code that classifies a product for customs.
Why it matters: It determines duty treatment and is needed for import.
Buyer note: Confirm the correct HS code for your market, since classification affects duties.

Export documentation

Short definition: The documents needed to ship goods internationally.
Why it matters: Complete, correct documents keep a shipment moving and clearing customs.
Buyer note: Confirm which documents the maker prepares and which you need to arrange.

Tolerance

Short definition: The allowed variation from a target measurement or colour.
Why it matters: Some variation is normal in production, so agreeing tolerance avoids disputes.
Buyer note: Agree dimensional and colour tolerance against the approved sample before production.

Defect

Short definition: A fault in a product against the agreed standard.
Why it matters: What counts as a defect must be agreed so an inspection means the same to both sides.
Buyer note: Define major and minor defects for your product before the run.

AQL

Short definition: Acceptable Quality Limit, a sampling method for inspecting a batch.
Why it matters: It sets how a random sample is checked and what level of defects is accepted.
Buyer note: Agree the AQL level and defect categories before production, not after.

Inspection

Short definition: Checking goods against the agreed standard, in line or before shipment.
Why it matters: Inspection catches problems early, which is cheaper than finding them on arrival.
Buyer note: Confirm what is inspected and that measurements are checked against the approved sample.

Third-party inspection

Short definition: Inspection by an independent agency rather than the maker.
Why it matters: Some buyers use it for added assurance on larger orders.
Buyer note: If you plan a third-party inspection, agree the standard and timing with the maker in advance.

Production approval

Short definition: The buyer's sign-off that lets bulk production begin.
Why it matters: It marks the point where the approved sample becomes the production reference.
Buyer note: Give approval in writing, and avoid changes afterwards.

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Packaging and delivery terms

Individual polybag

Short definition: A clear bag that wraps each product.
Why it matters: It protects the product in transit and on the shelf.
Buyer note: Confirm whether each unit is individually bagged, since it affects cost.

Recycled polybag

Short definition: A polybag made from recycled material.
Why it matters: It supports a packaging sustainability choice.
Buyer note: Ask whether recycled polybags are available if that matters to your brand.

Master carton

Short definition: The large outer shipping box holding multiple units or inner cartons.
Why it matters: It defines how goods are shipped and stored.
Buyer note: Confirm units per master carton and the carton dimensions.

Inner carton

Short definition: A smaller box inside the master carton, grouping units.
Why it matters: Inner cartons help with handling and distribution.
Buyer note: Confirm units per inner carton if you need them for retail distribution.

Carton mark

Short definition: The printed markings on a carton (such as contents and handling).
Why it matters: Clear carton marks support receiving and warehouse handling.
Buyer note: Provide the carton marking requirements for your warehouse or retailer.

Barcode

Short definition: A scannable code identifying the product.
Why it matters: Retail and logistics often require barcodes on products or packaging.
Buyer note: Provide the barcode numbers and where they should be placed.

SKU

Short definition: A stock keeping unit, a unique code for each product variant.
Why it matters: It lets you track each colour or size separately.
Buyer note: Provide an SKU list with the variant split for labelling.

Retail packaging

Short definition: Packaging designed for the product to be sold on a shelf.
Why it matters: It costs more than bulk packing and only pays off where you need it.
Buyer note: Specify retail packaging only for products that go to the shelf, not bulk to a warehouse.

Belly band

Short definition: A printed band wrapped around a product or its packaging.
Why it matters: It adds branding and holds presentation together at low cost.
Buyer note: Confirm the band material, print and size.

Header card

Short definition: A printed card attached to the top of a packaged product.
Why it matters: It adds branding and hanging ability for retail display.
Buyer note: Confirm artwork, material and whether a hang hole is needed.

Tissue paper

Short definition: Paper used to wrap or cushion a product inside packaging.
Why it matters: It adds protection and a premium unboxing feel.
Buyer note: Confirm whether printed tissue is wanted, since it adds branding and cost.

Dust bag packaging

Short definition: Using a dust bag as the product's protective packaging.
Why it matters: It protects premium items and forms part of the presentation.
Buyer note: Confirm the dust bag material and logo method along with the main product.

Hangtag packaging

Short definition: Attaching a hangtag as part of the packed presentation.
Why it matters: It completes retail readiness at the packing stage.
Buyer note: Confirm the tag, the attachment and where it is fixed.

Pallet

Short definition: A platform that cartons are stacked and shipped on.
Why it matters: Palletising affects freight, handling and storage.
Buyer note: Confirm whether goods ship palletised and any pallet specification.

CBM

Short definition: Cubic metres, the volume measure used for freight.
Why it matters: Freight is often priced by volume, so CBM affects shipping cost.
Buyer note: Ask for the total CBM to estimate freight.

Gross weight

Short definition: The total weight including product and packaging.
Why it matters: It is used for freight and customs.
Buyer note: Confirm gross weight per carton for shipping calculations.

Net weight

Short definition: The weight of the product alone, without packaging.
Why it matters: It is used alongside gross weight for documentation.
Buyer note: Confirm net weight if it is needed for your records or compliance.

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Quality and compliance terms

Quality control

Short definition: The overall system of checks that confirms products meet the agreed standard.
Why it matters: It runs from incoming materials to final inspection, catching issues before they multiply.
Buyer note: Agree the standard, defect definitions and inspection method before production.

Incoming material check

Short definition: Checking fabrics, leather and hardware on arrival before cutting.
Why it matters: Catching a material issue at intake costs a roll; the same issue later costs a run.
Buyer note: Ask whether incoming materials are checked for weight, colour and hardware quality.

In-line inspection

Short definition: Checks carried out during production, in the line.
Why it matters: It finds problems early, while they can still be corrected cheaply.
Buyer note: Confirm that stitching, hardware and logo are checked in line, not only at the end.

Final inspection

Short definition: The last check of appearance, function and packing before shipment.
Why it matters: It is the last chance to catch issues before goods leave.
Buyer note: Confirm a final inspection is done, and consider it essential on deadline orders.

Color tolerance

Short definition: The allowed colour variation from the approved reference.
Why it matters: Some colour variation is normal, so agreeing tolerance avoids disputes.
Buyer note: Approve colour on a physical reference and agree the tolerance.

Stitching tolerance

Short definition: The allowed variation in stitching from the standard.
Why it matters: It sets what counts as acceptable on visible seams.
Buyer note: For visible stitching, agree the standard on the approved sample.

Measurement tolerance

Short definition: The allowed variation in finished dimensions.
Why it matters: Products vary slightly in production, so a tolerance keeps sizes consistent.
Buyer note: Agree measurement tolerance against the approved sample before the run.

Pull test

Short definition: A test that applies force to check how well a part holds.
Why it matters: It checks that handles and attachments hold under load.
Buyer note: For load-bearing parts, ask whether a pull test is carried out.

Seam strength

Short definition: How well a seam holds under stress.
Why it matters: It is the difference between a bag that holds and one that fails at the seam.
Buyer note: State any seam strength requirement in the spec for load-bearing bags.

Print durability

Short definition: How well a print survives washing, rubbing and handling.
Why it matters: It decides whether branding lasts the product's life.
Buyer note: For washed or heavily handled products, prefer in-fibre or stitched methods.

Rub test

Short definition: A test for how a surface or print resists rubbing.
Why it matters: It indicates how well a finish holds up in daily use.
Buyer note: Ask whether rub testing is available where surface durability matters.

Wash test

Short definition: A test for how a product or print holds up to washing.
Why it matters: It checks colour fastness and print durability for washable products.
Buyer note: For washable items, ask whether wash testing can be done.

Abrasion resistance

Short definition: How well a material resists wear from rubbing over time.
Why it matters: It indicates how a fabric or finish will age in use.
Buyer note: For high-use products, ask how abrasion resistance is assessed.

REACH

Short definition: A European regulation on chemicals in products.
Why it matters: Some markets and buyers require evidence of compliance for the materials used.
Buyer note: Buyers may ask whether a material or supplier can provide REACH-related documentation; treat it as a requirement to verify.

OEKO-TEX

Short definition: A testing and certification system for textiles and harmful substances.
Why it matters: It is sometimes requested as evidence for textile safety claims.
Buyer note: Buyers may ask whether a specific material can be supplied with OEKO-TEX certification, confirmed with documentation.

Recycled claim

Short definition: A statement that a material contains recycled content.
Why it matters: A recycled claim needs evidence, so it should be backed rather than assumed.
Buyer note: Ask whether the recycled content and any certification can be documented.

Traceability

Short definition: The ability to track a material or product through the supply chain.
Why it matters: Some buyers and markets require traceability for sustainability or compliance claims.
Buyer note: If you need traceability, raise it early and ask what documentation is available.

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Frequently asked questions

What information should I include in a custom bag RFQ?

Include the product type with a reference image, dimensions, the material and target weight, the quantity (with any colour or size split), the branding method with vector files and Pantone colours, the packaging, and the destination with your preferred Incoterm. The more complete the RFQ, the closer the first quote and the faster you reach an approved sample.

What is the difference between cotton and canvas bags?

Both can be cotton, but canvas is the heavier, more structured end. A light cotton tote is soft and best for giveaways, while canvas holds its shape and reads as more durable and premium, which suits retail and beach bags. The fabric weight in gsm matters as much as the name.

Which printing method is best for custom tote bags?

It depends on the artwork and fabric. Screen printing suits bold, few-colour logos at volume. Digital suits detailed or short-run artwork. Sublimation covers all-over designs, but only on suitable fabric. Embroidery and woven labels read as higher value for retail.

What does GSM mean in bag production?

GSM is grams per square metre, the standard measure of fabric weight. It decides durability as much as the fibre does, so it is the most useful number to give. Light cotton is often around 100 to 140 gsm and medium around 160 to 280, with heavy canvas higher.

What is MOQ in bag manufacturing?

MOQ is the minimum order quantity, the smallest run a maker will accept. It depends on the material, construction and level of customisation, so it is rarely a single number. Confirm it per product and ask about price breaks at higher quantities.

What is a pre-production sample?

It is the final sample made in the real materials and construction, signed off before bulk. It becomes the reference the production run is checked against, so production should not start until it is approved.

What are common branding options for bags?

Screen, digital, transfer and sublimation print, plus embroidery, woven and printed labels, leather and rubber patches, metal logo plates, debossing, embossing and foil stamping. The right method depends on the fabric, the artwork and the look you want.

What should a bag tech pack include?

Dimensions, materials and weights, construction details (handles, lining, hardware), branding method and placement with vector artwork, and packaging. A tech pack speeds things up, but a clear reference with dimensions, material and branding is enough to start.

What is the difference between PU leather and genuine leather?

Genuine leather is made from real hide and offers a look, feel and ageing that alternatives only approach, at a higher and more variable cost. PU leather is a synthetic with a polyurethane surface, more consistent and lower in cost, which suits price-sensitive ranges.

How do buyers compare bag suppliers?

Send the same complete RFQ to each, so the quotes price the same product and are genuinely comparable. Then look beyond price at the sample quality, the clarity of communication, lead times in writing, and how the supplier handles materials, branding and quality checks.

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Start your project with VYGR Bags

If you are sourcing custom bags, wallets or small leather goods, the fastest way to a useful quote is a clear brief. Send your product brief or tech pack with your artwork, your material preference, your target quantity and your delivery country, and you will get a quote and a clear next step toward a sample.

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